UK FISCAL: Defence Spending to Increase Headroom by Billions? (2/2)
Mar-25 15:47
Although it is balanced in spending terms, all aid spending is current spending whereas defence spending is split between current and capital spending. Extra personnel are current spending, but a new helicopter or tank would of course be capital spending. Beyond this, it becomes tricker to classify. For example, rifle ammunition would be current spending, but an ICBM (inter-continental ballistic missile) would count as capital spending (as it would be unlikely to be used in the short-term).
If we were to assume that half of the GBP13.4bln defence spending was capital-related (a big assumption we have made to make the maths easy), that would therefore open up another GBP6.7bln of headroom under the current budget “stability rule” (using Starmer’s figures).
Using the OBR’s EFO estimate for defence spending in 2029-30 of GBP17bln it would be even higher at GBP8.5bln.
More on capital spending and the impact is greater, more than 50% on current spending and the difference is smaller.
This wasn’t discussed much in sellside previews that we had read – so could lead to an upside surprise in the amount of headroom.
UK FISCAL: Defence Spending to Increase Headroom by Billions? (1/2)
Mar-25 15:46
There will be an impact on the fiscal rules from the increase in defence spending and reduction in aid.
Starmer said that the increase to defence spending to 2.5% of GDP by 2027 equates to GBP13.4bln more every year on defence from 2027.
Previously the target date assumed by the OBR (in its October EFO) was that this would be met by 2029-30 and the OBR noted that this would cost GBP17bln in the final year.
This was, however, balanced as Starmer says that this would be fully funded by reducing ODA (overseas development assistance i.e. aid) spending to 0.3% of GNI in 2027 (from 0.5%).
Note that in October the OBR estimated that the cost to increase the ODA budget to 0.7% of GNI (from 0.5% of GNI) would be GBP6.7bln.
As this will now be reduced to 0.3 % of GNI (i.e. 0.4ppt below the 0.7% end of parliament previous target), you do indeed get to the GBP13.4bln Starmer said would be spent on defence.